Image processing regularization filters on layered architecture

-Layered architecture is proposed for solving a class o f regularization problems in image processing. There are two major hurdles in the implementation of regularization filters with second or higher order smoothness constraints: ( a ) Stability: With second or higher order constraints, a direct implementation of a regularization filter necessitates negative conductance which, in turn, gives rise to stability problems. (b) Wiring Complexity: A direct implementation of an N-th order regularization filter requires wiring between every pair of k-th nearest nodes for all k, 1 < k < N. Even though one of the authors managed to layout an N = 2 chip, the implementation of an N > 3 chip wouM be an extremely difficult, i f not impossible, task. The regularization filter architecture proposed here ( a ) requires n o negative conductance; and (b) necessitates wiring only between nearest nodes. Smoothing-ContrastEnhancement filter is given as an example o f application. Since this filter is extremely#st , it will have a natural application to smart sensing, i.e., to the simultaneous achievement of sensing and processing. It is also explained how this architecture has been inspired by physiological findings on lower vertebrate retina by one of the authors. Keywords--Regularization, Vision chip, Layered architecture, Analog CMOS, Image processing, Smart sensor.